Categorization of Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency on the Basis of Enzyme Activity and its Clinico Haematological Correlation

Abstract

Objective: To categorize glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency based on enzyme activity and its clinical haematological correlation.

Methodology: This Cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Haematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi, from February 2022 to August 2022. Sampling was done using the nonprobability consecutive sampling technique. Test analysis included a complete blood picture, RBC morphology and reticulocyte count, G6PD quantitative test, and serum bilirubin. Thus, to categorize G6PDD based on its enzyme and clinic-haematological correlation, study included patients of both gender with an age ranging from 0-76 years. Descriptive statistics were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and categorical data were presented as frequency and percentage.

Results: Out of 120 study participants, 30 (25%) were females and 90 (75%) were males. The mean age of study participants was 10.83±12.75. G6PD PCR was detected among participants having G6PD deficiency level <1 U/g Hb and between 2-3 U/gm Hb. Hb levels below 8g/dL were found only in individuals with G6PD deficiency levels <1 U/gm Hb.

Conclusion: GDPD deficiency can be diagnosed by blood analysis comprising of complete blood count and RBC morphology aided by clinical correlation. The signs and symptoms increase in severity with a decline in GDPD enzyme function along with blood haemoglobin levels.