Assessing the Efficacy of Local Flap Reconstruction for Scalp Defects: A Review of Techniques and Outcomes

Abstract

Background: Scalp reconstruction presents unique challenges due to limited tissue elasticity, aesthetic importance, and the need to protect underlying structures. Among various reconstructive options, local flaps remain a cornerstone technique, offering vascular reliability and tissue compatibility. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and outcomes of local flap reconstruction for scalp defects compared with other reconstructive methods.

Methods: A prospective observational comparative study was conducted on 100 patients presenting with scalp defects of varying etiology, including post-traumatic, post-oncologic, and infective causes. Participants were treated using either local flaps or other reconstructive techniques. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, with normality assessed by the Shapiro–Wilk test. The Mann–Whitney U test and Chi-square test were applied for group comparisons, while Spearman’s correlation evaluated associations between defect size and postoperative outcomes.

Results: Local flaps were used in 45 (45%) cases, regional flaps in 24 (24%), and free flaps in 31 (31%) cases. The overall flap viability was 80 (80%), with 4 (4%) cases of complete failure. Postoperative complications included infection in 23 (23%) patients, wound dehiscence in 16 (16%), and hematoma in 4 (4%) . 
Conclusion: Local flap reconstruction remains a safe, efficient, and aesthetically favorable technique for scalp defect repair, providing outcomes comparable to more complex methods while minimizing operative time and morbidity.

Keywords: Scalp reconstruction, local flap, aesthetic outcome, wound healing, reconstructive surgery