Incidence and outcomes of renal derangements in Covid-19 patients of a tertiary care hospital

Abstract

Objective: To assess the incidence and outcomes of acute kidney injury in patients diagnosed with Covid-19.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of medicine, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Hospital/CMH, Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan from May 2021 to May 2023. Total 676 patients (ages ? 18 years) admitted with Covid-19 confirmed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) having normal renal function tests (RFTs) at admission were included in the study. RFTs were done during admission and patients were followed up for outcome. The kidney disease improving global outcome (KDIGO) staging system was employed to classify the stages of acute kidney injury (AKI). The Clinical Progression Scale (CPS) of WHO, which rates the severity of Covid-19 outcomes from 0 (uninfected) to 10 (death), was utilized.

Results: Patients mean age was 56.1±16.1 years. Among 676 patients, 350 (51.8%) developed AKI. According to clinical progression scale, only 2 (0.3%) patients were uninfected, 540 (79.8%) experienced mild symptoms, 98 (14.5%) were of moderate symptoms, 12 (1.8%) suffered from severe symptoms and 24 (3.6%) were dead. Comprises stage 1 (46%), stage 2 (27.4%) and stage 3 were (26.5%). Among the patients of AKI, 326 (93.1%) were discharged from hospital on home medication and 24 (6.9%) patients died (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Acute kidney injury develops commonly in patients of Covid-19. AKI need to be managed effectively to prevent worst future outcomes.